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  1. Dungbeetle thing is pretty universal. Species that carry out sexual selection through male dominance displays usually have a decreased emphasis on genitalia. A good example is gorillas. Male gorillas get access to females by fighting off other males and forming a harem of females. Their penises are the smallest out of the animal kingdom. Conversely, chimpanzees and bonobos have much more promiscuous societies. Chimps have a combination of female selection as well as male competition, similar to humans. Bonobos on the other hand have almost no force involved in sexual selection, with sex being a very casual act. These systems have resulted in both chimpanzee subspecies having the largest gonads of all apes, due to an increased emphasis on sperm competition and female mate selection. Humans take this even further. We have a reduced rate of sexual dimorphism, and have highly specialized genitalia, which is caused by our sexual selection system. We're one of the few species that doesn't have a baculum (penis bone), and the glans of the human penis is shaped in such a way that it causes a suction effect when withdrawn from the vagina, to remove semen already present. We also have the highest testicle size and sperm production rate after the two chimpanzee species. These adaptations are caused by the nature of human sexual selection. We are a highly promiscuous species, being some of the only apes to be receptive to sex regardless of ovulation. We have a mating system similar to chimpanzees, although with a higher rate of female selection, with male dominance displays and reproductive control of females playing a reduced but still significant role (this is obviously dependant on culture, with most societies having monogamy as the norm to varying extents since the advent of agriculture.). All in all this goes to demonstrate why the presence of large display organs or increased size and aggression in males is accompanied by reduced genitalia size, and vice versa. There is no evolutionary advantage to large display organs in species that choose mates based on visual signs of reproductive viability or in species where males secure females by force.

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